disability pension and private occupational disability pension subject to compulsory health insurance
Disability pension and private occupational disability insurance: How to navigate the compulsory health insurance
15 Apr 2025
8
Minutes
Katrin Straub
Managing Director at nextsure
Are you receiving an incapacity pension and a private occupational disability pension? Health insurance obligations often raise questions. This article explains your options and contribution burdens.
The topic in brief and concise terms
If you receive a disability pension and have met the required minimum insurance period, a mandatory membership in the statutory health insurance for pensioners (KVdR) is likely; the private occupational disability pension is then often exempt from statutory health insurance contributions.
Without membership in the KVdR, the private occupational disability pension becomes fully subject to contributions for voluntary members of statutory health insurance; those with private health insurance continue to pay their premiums.
Health insurance subsidies must be actively applied for and can reduce the contribution burden by up to fifty percent.
Understanding Health Insurance for Pensioners (KVdR): The Basics
The health insurance for pensioners (KVdR) is often the primary point of contact. Mandatory membership arises when receiving a state pension. The key factor is fulfilling the prior insurance period. You must have been legally insured for at least nine-tenths of the second half of your working life. Three years are credited to you for each child. This can simplify access to the KVdR for many. Your health insurance provider checks this after your pension application. This status significantly affects your contribution burden.
If you are compulsorily insured under the KVdR, you pay contributions on your disability pension. The general contribution rate is fourteen point six percent. Additionally, there is a fund-specific supplementary contribution. The German Pension Insurance covers half of these costs. For a pension of one thousand euros, for example, this would mean only 73 euros of personal contribution to the general rate. This represents a significant financial relief. You usually bear the contributions to the long-term care insurance alone. The contribution rate for this is three point six percent. Childless individuals pay an additional zero point six percent. An early clarification of your insurance status is therefore very important.
Private occupational disability pension and statutory health insurance: Scenarios and contribution obligations
If you receive a private occupational disability pension and a statutory disability pension at the same time, there are two main scenarios. If you meet the requirements for the Health Insurance for Pensioners (KVdR), you remain compulsorily insured there. Your private occupational disability pension is then generally exempt from contributions to the statutory health insurance (GKV). The contributions for health insurance are then based solely on your statutory disability pension. The pension insurance pays a subsidy of fifty percent for this. This is financially the most favourable scenario for those insured under the GKV.
If you do not receive a statutory disability pension or do not meet the KVdR requirements, the situation changes. You often become a voluntary member of the GKV. In this case, you must pay the full health insurance contribution on your private occupational disability pension. This means you pay both the employee and employer share. A simple rule of thumb is: gross disability pension times zero point eight two equals the net disability pension. This already takes into account the deductions for the GKV. Therefore, a private occupational disability pension and compulsory health insurance must be carefully examined.
Special case: Disability income from occupational pension scheme (bAV)
If your occupational disability pension comes from a company pension scheme (bAV), different rules apply. Such pensions are generally fully subject to contributions in the statutory health and long-term care insurance. This applies irrespective of receiving an incapacity pension. The full contribution rate is levied on the bAV benefit. However, there is an allowance for occupational pensions. In 2024, this was 176.75 Euros per month. Only the amount exceeding this limit is subject to contributions. This allowance applies only to those compulsorily insured in the KVdR. Voluntary members pay contributions on the full benefit. The exact calculation of contributions can be complex.
Private Health Insurance (PKV) for Occupational Disability and Reduced Earning Capacity Pension
If you are privately insured (PKV), you will continue to pay your PKV contributions even when receiving a disability pension. The contribution amount usually remains unchanged. It is often independent of your income or the amount of your pension. An employer's contribution is no longer available. The full contribution, for example, four hundred euros per month, must be borne by you. If you are also receiving a reduced earning capacity pension, you can apply for a subsidy. This subsidy amounts to seven point three per cent of your gross pension. However, it is limited to half of your actual PKV contributions. The contribution for any co-insured daily allowance insurance usually lapses. Discuss this with your insurance provider. The situation in family insurance is not relevant here.
Expert Depth: Legal Foundations and Paragraphs
Compulsory health insurance is regulated in the Fifth Book of the Social Code (SGB V). For pension recipients, § 5 Paragraph 1 Number 11 SGB V is central. It defines the requirements for compulsory insurance in the KVdR. This includes the pension application and the fulfillment of the prior insurance period. The crediting of three child-raising years per child is also anchored here.
The income subject to contributions for pensioners with compulsory insurance is determined by § 237 SGB V. This includes the statutory pension. Private disability pensions do not fall under this if the KVdR obligation applies. For voluntary insured, § 240 SGB V is decisive. This paragraph stipulates that the entire economic performance capability must be considered. This includes private disability pensions. Our expert tip: Carefully check your pension notice and the communication from your health insurance provider. If there are any uncertainties regarding the differences between occupational and incapacity for work and their impact on compulsory health insurance, seek advice.
Important aspects of contribution calculation are:
General contribution rate for statutory health insurance: fourteen point six percent.
Additional contribution: individual to the fund, shared half in KVdR.
Nursing care insurance: three point six percent (plus zero point six percent for childless people over 23 years, born after 1939), to be borne solely by the pensioner.
Allowance for company pensions (bAV): 176.75 Euros (as of 2024) for those with compulsory KVdR insurance.
Current judgments can clarify detailed questions, such as the precise interpretation of the prior insurance period. An individual assessment is essential. The correct classification can amount to several hundred Euros monthly.
Recommendations for Action: How to Secure Your Finances
Plan your disability pension carefully. Calculate potential health insurance contributions from the start. A disability pension of two thousand five hundred euros gross can be significantly lower net. Obtain information early from your health insurance provider and pension insurance. Clarify your expected status (KVdR compulsory insured or voluntary). This is crucial for the contribution burden. Submit applications for subsidies in good time. For privately insured individuals, the subsidy for private health insurance is important. For voluntarily insured individuals under statutory health insurance, the subsidy for statutory health insurance is crucial. Compare the additional contributions of health insurance funds. Changing providers can save several euros per month. Document your insurance periods comprehensively. This is important for checking the pre-insurance period. Present evidence of child-rearing periods. These can enable access to the more favourable KVdR. A tax assessment of the disability pension is also advisable.
Checklist for your planning:
Clarify insurance status with health insurance (KVdR potential).
Determine the amount of reduced earning capacity pension and private disability pension.
Calculate (or have calculated) possible contribution burden for statutory/private health insurance.
Check entitlement to subsidies and submit applications.
Provide evidence of pre-insurance periods and child-rearing periods.
Align the amount of the disability pension with net needs.
Regularly review the situation, especially when laws change.
Seek advice from experts such as nextsure.
These steps will help you avoid financial surprises. A solid plan secures your standard of living in the event of a claim.
Conclusion and Outlook: Planning Ahead for Financial Security
The obligation to have health insurance while simultaneously receiving an incapacity pension and a private occupational disability pension is complex. The decisive factors are your insurance status and the fulfillment of the pre-insurance period for health insurance for pensioners (KVdR). Being compulsorily insured in the KVdR usually means lower contributions. Private occupational disability pensions are often exempt from contributions to statutory health insurance. Voluntarily insured GKV members and privately insured individuals (PKV) must anticipate higher costs. Grants can alleviate the burden, but they must be actively applied for. A precise understanding of your situation and the legal regulations is essential. This can help you save several hundred euros annually. The health insurance for pensioners offers many facets. Individual advice is the key to optimal coverage. Contact us for a detailed analysis of your situation.
More useful links
The German Pension Insurance offers comprehensive information on health and long-term care insurance for pensioners.
Further details on the disability pension can be found on the page of the German Pension Insurance.
A glossary entry on health and long-term care insurance for pensioners (KVdR) is also available at the German Pension Insurance.
The Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) publishes press releases with relevant statistical data.
Information on social assistance in Germany is also provided by the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis).
A general overview of reduced earning capacity is available on Wikipedia.
A PDF document on the risk structure compensation in statutory health insurance can be accessed at the Federal Office for Social Security.
The Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (BMAS) also provides information on the disability pension.
FAQ
Welche Rolle spielt die Vorversicherungszeit für die Krankenversicherung bei Erwerbsminderungsrente?
Die Vorversicherungszeit ist entscheidend für die Pflichtmitgliedschaft in der Krankenversicherung der Rentner (KVdR). Sie ist erfüllt, wenn Sie mindestens neun Zehntel der zweiten Hälfte Ihres Erwerbslebens gesetzlich krankenversichert waren (inkl. Anrechnung von drei Jahren pro Kind).
Sind Beiträge auf eine private BU-Rente immer gleich hoch?
Nein. Wenn Sie in der KVdR pflichtversichert sind, ist die private BU-Rente oft beitragsfrei in der GKV. Als freiwilliges GKV-Mitglied zahlen Sie den vollen Beitragssatz auf die BU-Rente. In der PKV bleiben die Beiträge meist einkommensunabhängig.
Was ist der Unterschied bei den Krankenversicherungsbeiträgen zwischen einer privaten BU-Rente und einer BU-Rente aus betrieblicher Altersversorgung (bAV)?
Eine private BU-Rente kann unter KVdR-Bedingungen GKV-beitragsfrei sein. Eine BU-Rente aus einer bAV ist hingegen fast immer voll beitragspflichtig in der GKV und Pflegeversicherung, wobei ein Freibetrag (2024: 176,75 Euro) für KVdR-Pflichtversicherte gilt.
Wie kann ich meine Beitragslast zur Krankenversicherung im Rentenalter reduzieren?
Prüfen Sie die Voraussetzungen für die KVdR, da dies oft die günstigste Option ist. Stellen Sie Anträge auf Beitragszuschüsse. Vergleichen Sie Krankenkassentarife (Zusatzbeitrag). Eine sorgfältige Planung der BU-Rentenhöhe unter Berücksichtigung der Abzüge ist ebenfalls wichtig.
Wer prüft meinen Anspruch auf die Krankenversicherung der Rentner (KVdR)?
Ihre zuständige Krankenkasse prüft nach Stellung Ihres Rentenantrags, ob Sie die Voraussetzungen für die KVdR, insbesondere die Vorversicherungszeit, erfüllen.
Muss ich auch Pflegeversicherungsbeiträge auf meine Renten zahlen?
Ja, auf die Erwerbsminderungsrente (in der KVdR) und auf die private BU-Rente (als freiwillig GKV-Versicherter) fallen Beiträge zur Pflegeversicherung an. Diese tragen Sie in der Regel allein. Der Satz beträgt drei Komma sechs Prozent, für Kinderlose über 23 (geb. nach 1939) zusätzlich null Komma sechs Prozent.
